Events

• February 15 - English Civil War: New Model Army is founded officially
• June 14 - English Civil War: Battle of Naseby - 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers
• June 28 - English Civil War - the Royalists lose Carlisle
• July 2: Fight at Alford, Aberdeenshire
• October 8: Jeanne Mance founds the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, the first hospital in North America.
• Siege of Basing House during the English Civil War
• Siege of Ragban Castle during the English Civil War
• The Long Parliament outlaws the 1559 version of the Book of Common Prayer
• Beginning of the Maunder Minimum, a time period when sunspots became exceedingly rare
• Founding of the Stolberg-Wernigerode branch of the family of counts of Stolberg and Wernigerode in Germany
• Battle of Lepanto
• Wallpaper begins to replace tapestries as a wall decoration

Ongoing events

• English Civil War (1642-1649)

Births

• Captain William Kidd, Scottish privateer and alleged pirate

Deaths

• January 10 - William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1573)
• May 19 - Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese swordsman
• July 22 - Gaspar de Guzman, Count of Olivares, Duke of San Lucar
• August 28 - Hugo Grotius
• Li Zicheng, Chinese rebel