Aaron Aaronsohn (1876—1919), was a renowned scientist, traveller, entrepreneur, and politician. He was brought up and mainly acted in Zichron Yaakov, a Jewish agricultural colony of the First Aliya , then part of the Turkish Ottoman Empire. Aaronsohn is remembered primary as the discoverer of 'the Mother of the Wheat ', as well as the founder and head of Nili (a Jewish ring of spies working for the British in World War I).

Aaronsohn was killed in an airplane crash over the English Channel on May 15, 1919. His research on Eretz Israel flora and part of his exploration diaries were published posthumously.