Alexander Ferdinand Koenig (February 20, 1858 - July 16, 1940) was a German naturalist.
Koenig was born at St Petersburg, Russia where his father was a successful merchant. He grew up in Bonn. He became interested in natural history at an early age and started to collect specimens. He studied zoology at the universities of Greifswald and Marburg. He funded expeditions to the Arctic and Africa, and visited Egypt and Sudan. With his collections he founded the Museum Koenig in Bonn in 1912.
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