See Aramaea and Arameans.

Aram-Naharaim or "Aram of the two rivers," an ill-defined region that is mentioned six times in the Hebrew Bible. The specific "two rivers" are variously identified by various scholars, though one of the rivers is generally the Euphrates. The compilers of the Jewish Encyclopedia, in 1901/8 did not find the name in Babylonian or Assyrian inscriptions, but identified it with Nahrima in three tablets of the Amarna correspondence. "Aramean" was a term used by the Israelites to distinguish these closely related Arpachshadite so-called "Children of Eber" tribes from their more distant cousins to the east known as Aram.