Argelander is a lunar impact crater that is located in the south-central highlands of the Moon. It lies in the midpoint between the smaller Vogel crater in the north and the larger Airy crater to the south. To the northwest is the worn remnant of Parrot crater. Just to the west is a shallow cleft in the surface that follows a course to the north-northwest, intersecting the southeast rim of Parrot crater.

The rim of Argelander crater is somewhat worn and indented, although less distorted than Airy crater to the south. The bottom is relatively flat and there is a small central rise. There is a curved depression in the surface following the western rim, giving the wall a rampart on that side.

Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on Lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater mid-point that is closest to Argelander crater.