Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid (August 15, 1901 - August 10, 1988) was president of Panama on three occasions: 1940-41, 1949-51, and for two weeks in October 1968. Each of these three presidential mandates ended with his being deposed by military coups. His nationalist program and ties with fascist states in Europe discomforted the United States.

The Arnulfista Party, founded in 1990, was named in homage to him. His widow, Mireya Moscoso, representing that party, was elected president of Panama in 1999.