Artaxerxes was the name of several rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia:

• Artaxerxes I
• Artaxerxes II
• Artaxerxes III
• Arses of Persia is believed to have taken the royal title of "Artaxerxes IV".
• Bessus, the Persian nobleman who murdered Darius III of Persia, renamed himself Artaxerxes when he claimed the throne.