Bac Lieu (in Vietnamese, Bạc Liêu) is a Province of Vietnam. It is a coastal province, and is situated in the south of the country.

Politically, Bac Lieu is divided into four districts: Dong Hai, Gia Rai, Hong Dan, and Vinh Loi. The provincial capital, which is also known as Bac Lieu, is a separate municipality.

Bac Lieu is generally thought of as being in the Mekong Delta, although it is actually located slightly to the south of the Mekong's main outflows. Bac Lieu is around 100km south of Can Tho, the largest city in the Mekong Delta.

The most important parts of Bac Lieu's economy are rice farming, fishing, food processing, and clothing manufacturing.

Until 1996, the area that now makes up Bac Lieu province was part of a larger unit, Minh Hai province. In 1996, Minh Hai was split into two, with the northeast becoming Bac Lieu province and the southwest becoming Ca Mau province.