The Second Battle of Newbury was a battle of the English Civil War fought on October 27, 1644, in Newbury in Berkshire. The battle rematched the First Battle of Newbury, which took place in late September of the previous year.

Royalist armies under King Charles I and the Earl of Essex had deployed defensively north of Newbury, Berkshire, hoping that the Parliamentarians would not engage his forces and so allow Prince Rupert to join him. The Parliamentary forces, commanded by Sir William Waller and Edward Montagu, the 2nd Earl of Manchester, attempted to trap the royalist forces in a pincer attack by attacking both sides of Charles' army simultaneously. The Parliamentary attacks were repulsed by the royalists with heavy losses on both sides. Charles realised that his position was untenable and withdrew towards Oxford during the night. The exhausted Parliamentary army was unable to block the royalist retreat and Charles was able to leave unmolested.