Begemder was a province in the north-eastern part of Ethiopia, with its capital city at Gondar.

The earliest recorded mention of Begemder was on the map of Fra Mauro, (c.1460), where it is described as a kingdom. Emperor Lebna Dengel , in his letter to the King of Portugal (1526), also described Begemder as a kingdom but one that was part of his empire. With the adoption of the constitution in 1995, Begemder was divided between the Benishangul-Gumaz, the Tigray, and the Amhara Regions of Ethiopia.