The name bison refers to several large bovine mammals:

• American Bison - Bison bison
• Wisent or European bison - Bison bonasus
• Steppe Wisent Bison priscus - extinct
• Frequently confused with bison: Aurochs - Bos primigenius

It also refers to several other things:

• GNU bison is a compiler compiler similar to Yacc.
• BiSON is an acronym for the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network, a network of six remote solar observatories monitoring low-degree helioseismology oscillation modes.
• Bison vodka is another name for Zubrovka.
• The NATO reporting name for the Myasishchev M-4 was Bison.
• M. Bison, a character from Capcom's fighting video game Street Fighter II. He is called Lord Vega in the Japanese version of the game.