Bouches-de-l'Escaut is the name of a département of the First French Empire in the present Netherlands. It is named after the mouth of the river Scheldt (Escaut in French). It was formed in 1810, when the Kingdom of Holland was annexed by France. Its territory corresponds with the present Dutch province Zeeland, minus Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, which was part of the département de l'Escaut. Its capital was Middelburg. The département was subdivided into the following arrondissements and cantons (situation 1812):

• Middelburg, cantons: Middelburg, Veere and Vlissingen.
• Goes, cantons: Goes, Heinkenszand, Kortgene and Kruiningen.
• Zierikzee, cantons: Zierikzee, Brouwershaven and Tholen.

After Napoleon was defeated in 1814, the département became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.