Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is the Russian counterpart to the 1911 Britannica, or rather of Brockhaus. Published in Imperial Russia in 1890-1906, the comprehensive encyclopedia was a joint venture of Leipzig and St Petersburg publishers. The articles were written by first-rank Russian scholars of the day. Its reprints appeared following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some of the articles are available online from Russian-language sites.

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