Croatoan Island is an island near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

It is speculated that the Roanoke colonists might have fled there. Reasons given for this include the colonists' friendship with Monteo, a native of Croatoan Island, and a carving of the word "C-R-O-A-T-O-A-N" into a post of the fort, ostensibly to let John White know where they had fled. However, White's subsequent search of Croatoan Island turned up no trace of the colonists; they were never found.