The Democratic Republic of South Azerbaijan, or Azerbaijan People's Government, was a Soviet backed, shortlived attempt (November 1945-November 1946) to acclaim autonomy for the region of Azarbaijan in Iran.

Following the Soviet occupation of parts of northern Iran during the Second World War attempts were made to secede Azeri speaking parts of Nortwestern Iran by the Azerbaijani Democratic Party under the leadership of Sayyid Jafar Pishevari.

These attempts culminated in November 1945 in the creation of a government based in Tabriz. Following pressure by Western powers, the Soviet Union reneged on its support to the new republic and Iranian military succeeded in re-establishing Iranian rule in November 1946. Many of the leaders sought refuge in the Azerbaijan SSR.