Die Freien - Your Art History Reference Guide!

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Die Freien

A 19th century circle of political philosophers in Germany, gathering for informal discussion over a period of a few years. Attendees included Max Stirner, Bruno Bauer, Arnold Ruge, Friedrick Engels , and Karl Marx, among others. As a cartoon by Engels shows, their small meetings were also attended by a "secret policeman", reporting on their activities to the authorities. The members of Die Freien held widely diverging views, and met for the purpose of debate; they did not represent a unified political or ideological outlook.

Last updated: 01-04-2007 01:18:57
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