Fātima was originally an Arabic name, meaning "She who weans", being the name of the only proved surviving child of the prophet Muhammad; after the advent of Islam it became a common Muslim name for women. It is sometimes used by Catholics in connection with a significant twentieth-century apparition of the Virgin Mary in the town of Fátima in Portugal.

The name can variously refer to:

• Fatima Zahra, daughter of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam;
• Fatemeh, the transliteration of the Persian pronunciation of the Arab name
• the town of Fátima in Portugal
• Our Lady of Fatima, a reputed apparition of the Virgin Mary at Fátima, Portugal in 1917