Forensic accounting is the specialty practice area of accounting that describes engagements which result from real or anticipated litigation. Broadly speaking, these engagements fall into one of four categories: economic damages , family law, fraud and other forms of economic crime, and business valuation. Forensic accountants utilize an understanding of business information and financial reporting systems, accounting and auditing standards and procedures, evidence gathering and investigative techniques, and litigation processes and procedures to perform their work. Forensic accountants are also increasingly playing more proactive risk reduction roles by designing and performing extended procedures as part of the statutory audit, acting as advisors to audit committees, and assisting in investment analyst research.