Francesco Bianchini (December 13,1662 – March 2,1729) was an Italian philosopher and scientist. He worked for the curia of many popes, including being secretary of the commission for the reform of the calendar, working on the method to calculate the correct date for Easter in a given year.

He published many books, including A Universal History, and Hesperi et Phosphori nova Phaenomena in which he deduced a rotational period from the observation of the surface of Venus. Today, we know that this is impossible, because of the thick cloud cover on this planet. He also worked on the parallax of Venus, and he measured the precession of the Earth's rotational axis.

His point of view on the Copernican system is not evident, but it was noted that the picture of the planetary system in his book about Venus has an empty center.

Craters on Mars and the Moon were named in his honor.