Hedvig Sofia Augusta, Princess of Sweden (26 June 1681-22 December 1708), Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp, was the eldest child of King Charles XI of Sweden, and his wife Ulrike Eleonore of Denmark . On 12 May 1698 at Karlberg she married her cousin, Duke Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp .

She is perhaps most well-known for the extensive correspondence between her and her brother King Charles XII, who lived most of his life in war-campaigns abroad. When he died in 1718 and left no male heirs to the throne, the late Hedwig Sophia's son Duke Karl Friedrich was a main candidate for succeeding him, although the choice ultimately fell on Hedwig Sophia's younger sister Ulrika Eleonora.