On January 25, 2003 an international group of volunteers left London and headed for Baghdad to act as voluntary human shields, hoping to avert a U.S. invasion. The action's primary organiser, Kenneth O'Keefe, a former U.S. Marine who served in the 1991 Gulf War but who renounced his citizenship afterwards, instigated the action with an article in The Observer, titled "Back to Iraq as a human shield".^[15]

See also

• Human shield
• Non-violent resistance
• Popular opposition to war on Iraq
• Global protests against war on Iraq
• 2003 Invasion of Iraq
• Anti-war
• Peace_movement
• Kenneth O'Keefe

External links

• Human Shield Action to Iraq - official website

• Some interviews with Kenneth O'Keefe on global news networks such as CNN and Sky News

• Human shield protest in Iraq: Ask campaign leader, live interactive forum where members of the public put their questions to Kenneth O'Keefe - BBC Talking Point Forum (16 January, 2003)

• Interview with Kenneth O'Keefe, part of the Voices of Iraq series - The Guardian (February 4, 2003)

• 'Human shield' protesters visit No 10 - The Guardian (January 22, 2003)

• U.S. human shields face 12 years' jail for visiting Iraq - The Guardian (August 13, 2003)

• U.S. cautions Iraq on human shields BBC News (16 January, 2003)

• Fear as human shield faces jail BBC News (21 September, 2003)

• Human shield fined over sanctions BBC News (11 August, 2003)

• Putting Noncombatants at Risk: Saddam's Use of "Human Shields" - CIA (January 2003)

• A man from Norfolk who went to Iraq to act as a human shield is back, saying his mission was a success BBC News (18 April, 2003)

• The sister of a Labour MP has vowed to remain as a human shield throughout the bombing of Iraq BBC News (19 March, 2003)

• Gulf veteran recruits human shields - BBC News (22 January, 2003)

• 'I'm an ex-marine recruiting human shields' BBC News (19 February, 2003)

• 'Human shields' head for Iraq - (29 December, 2002)

• First wave of volunteers prepare to set off for Baghdad - The Guardian (23 January, 2003)

• Human shields speed to Baghdad BBC News (19 March, 2003)

• Targeting Decisions Regarding Human Shields - Military Review (September/October 2004)

• Inside the deluded world of the 'human shields' Telegraph.co.uk (2 March, 2003)

References

2. ^  "Back to Iraq as a human shield." The Observer, 29 December, 2002. Accessed on January 30, 2005.
3. ^  "Volunteer 'human shields' flock to Iraq." BBC News, 17 February, 2003. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.
4. ^  "The Human Shield Movement." paragraph 8, Z Magazine Online, November 2003, Volume 16, Number 11. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.
5. ^  "The Human Shield Movement." paragraph 8, Z Magazine Online, November 2003, Volume 16, Number 11. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.
6. ^  "The Human Shield Movement." paragraph 6, Z Magazine Online, November 2003, Volume 16, Number 11. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.
7. ^  "Human Shields Put Bush on Notice." Human Shield Action to Iraq official website. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.
8. ^  "Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol 1) (2nd part)." Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Accessed on 18 March, 2005.
9. ^  "Body blow as human shields ordered out." The Age, 8 March, 2003. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.
10. ^  "Christiaan Briggs Reports On Iraq." Scoop, 14 March, 2003. Accessed on 30 January, 2005. (A self-citation by an organiser of the human shield action and a contributor to this article.)
11. ^  "Company of a stranger." Guardian Unlimited, 19 July, 2003. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.
12. ^  "The Human Shield Movement." Z Magazine Online, November 2003, Volume 16, Number 11. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.
13. ^  "UK bus owner defends Iraq trip." CNN, Special Report, War in Iraq, 4 March, 2003. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.
14. ^  "Transcript of Lou Dobbs Moneyline." CNN, 26 February, 2003. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.
15. ^  "Human shield summary of action." Human Shield Action to Iraq official website, front page. Accessed on 30 January, 2005.