The Indo-Gangetic Plain is a rich, fertile and ancient land encompassing most of northern and eastern India and parts of Pakistan. The Plains get their names from the rivers Ganges and Indus. It stretches from Kashmir in the north, the Punjab region of Pakistan & Aravalli Range, Rajasthan in the west, Himalayan foothills in the east and the Deccan Plateau in the south.

The rivers encompassed are the Ganga (Ganges), Indus, Beas, Yamuna, Gomti , Ravi, Chambal , Sutlej, Chenab. The soil is rich in silts.

Farming on the Indo-Gangetic Plain primarily consists of rice and wheat grown in rotation. Other crops include maize, corn, sugarcane, and cotton. The region is also known for the Indus Valley Civilisation and is responsible for the birth of ancient India.