The jinmeiyō kanji (人名用漢字) are a set of 290 kanji known as the "name kanji" in English. They are the set of glyphs that do not directly map to words, but still show up in modern Japanese usage as parts of family names.
As a general rule, the characters accepted in names registered by families can only come from the jōyō kanji, the jinmeiyō kanji, the katakana and the hiragana (excluding the hentaigana).
With the publication of the ministerial opinion of 1946, which limited the number of kanji usable in Japanese (the tōyō kanji), much of kanji used in proper names could not be used any more. So it remained until May 25, 1951, the date on which the Ministry specified the first 90 jinmeiyō kanji, the name of new-born babies could be made up only of the 1850 tōyō kanji.
Over the years, the Minister of Justice has increased the number of name kanji, and has a plan for further addition in response to requests from parents. As of July 12, 2004, there were 290 kanji authorized for the names of people.
In Japan, name kanji are taught at the junior-high level, and mastery of the name kanji are required to achieve Level 2 of the Kanji kentei Japanese proficiency test.
There are currently 2232 government-designated jinmeiyō kanji used in personal and geographical names, with plans to increase this list by 578 kanji in the near future. This would be the largest increase since World War II. The plan has not been without controversy, however. For example, the Chinese characters for "cancer," "hemorrhoids," "corpse" and "excrement," as well as parts of compound words (words created from two or more Chinese characters) meaning "curse," "prostitute," and "rape," are among the proposed additions to the list. This is because no measures were taken to determine the appropriateness of the kanji proposed, with the committee deciding that parents could make such decisions themselves. However, the government will seek input from the public before approving the list. (There is also some speculation that the "odd" kanji being added to the names list are being done so in an attempt to make a de-facto expansion of the Jōyō Kanji List, rather than with the serious idea that anyone will use them in names. The idea of reducing the number of kanji in use has been a politically contentious issue, with many conservatives believing that kanji are culturally Japanese and that people should use them frequently.)
List of the jinmeiyō kanji (人名用漢字別表)
Separated by year of introduction.
Publication of first 90 characters of jinmeiyō kanji.
丑 丞 乃 之 也 亘 亥 亦 亨 亮 伊 匡 卯 只 吾 呂 哉 嘉 圭 奈 宏 寅 巌 巳 庄 弘 弥 彦 悌 敦 昌 晃 晋 智 暢 朋 桂 桐 楠 橘 欣 欽 毅 浩 淳 熊 爾 猪 玲 琢 瑞 睦 磯 祐 禄 禎 稔 穣 綾 惣 聡 肇 胤 艶 蔦 藤 蘭 虎 蝶 輔 辰 郁 酉 錦 鎌 靖 須 馨 駒 鯉 鯛 鶴 鹿 麿 亀
Seven of them were transferred in the jōyō kanji : 仙 尚 杉 甚 磨 斉 龍 (the last became 竜)
Addition of 28 kanji for a total of 120 characters.
佑 允 冴 喬 怜 旭 杏 梓 梢 梨 沙 渚 瑠 瞳 紗 紘 絢 翠 耶 芙 茜 藍 那 阿 隼 鮎 葵
One was transferred in the jōyō kanji : 悠
Introduction of the jōyō kanji, subtraction of 8 kanji (since added in the jōyō kanji) and addition of 54 kanji for a total of 166 characters.
伍 伶 侑 尭 孟 峻 嵩 嶺 巴 彬 惇 惟 慧 斐 旦 昂 李 栗 楓 槙 汐 洵 洸 渥 瑛 瑶 璃 甫 皓 眸 矩 碧 笹 緋 翔 脩 苑 茉 莉 萌 萩 蓉 蕗 虹 諒 赳 迪 遥 遼 霞 頌 駿 鳩 鷹
Addition of 118 kanji for a total of 284 characters.
伎 伽 侃 倖 倭 偲 冶 凌 凜 凪 捺 於 旺 昴 晏 晟 晨 暉 曙 朔 凱 勁 叡 叶 唄 啄 奎 媛 嬉 宥 崚 嵐 嵯 巽 彗 彪 恕 憧 拳 捷 杜 柊 柚 柾 栞 梧 椋 椎 椰 椿 楊 榛 槻 樺 檀 毬 汀 汰 洲 湧 滉 漱 澪 熙 燎 燦 燿 爽 玖 琳 瑚 瑳 皐 眉 瞭 碩 秦 稀 稜 竣 笙 紬 絃 綜 綸 綺 耀 胡 舜 芹 茄 茅 莞 菖 菫 蒔 蒼 蓮 蕉 衿 袈 裟 詢 誼 諄 邑 醇 采 雛 鞠 颯 魁 鳳 鴻 鵬 麟 黎 黛
Addition of 1 kanji for a total of 285 characters.
琉
Addition of 1 kanji for a un total of 286 characters.
曽
Addition of 1 kanji for a total of 287 characters,
獅
July 12 2004
Addition of 3 kanji for a total of 290 characters.
毘 瀧 駕
June 11 2004
ORIGINAL FRENCH: TO BE REPLACED:
Aucun ajout mais un plan proposant d'ajouter 578 kanji aux jinmeiyō kanji à été déposé. Ils ont été proposés au conseil sur les jinmeiō kanji du conseil législatif du Ministère de la justice. Certains caractères qui faisaient l'objet d'une forte demande de la part des parents, comme 苺 (Ichigo « fraise ») 遥 (Haruka « distant ») 煌 (Akira « scintillant ») 牙 (Kiba « croc »), ont été inclus dans la liste. Beaucoup d'autre ont été inclus non pas pour leur potentiel d'utilisation dans un nom (comme on va le constater) mais plutôt pour leur fréquence d'usage et leur facilité de lecture/écriture : 糞 (Kuso « excrément ») 呪 (Norou « malédiction ») 屍 (Shikabane « cadavre ») 癌 (Gan « cancer »). À ce même conseil, il à été décidé d'offrir la chance de proposer des caractères qui seront inclus ou exclus du rapport final sur le site du Ministère de la justice et ce jusqu'au 9 juillet 2004.
Originally AUTOTRANSLATED ENGLISH; being worked on: TO BE MERGED:
No addition to the jinmeiyō kanji was made on this date, but a plan was put forward that proposed 578 additions. It was proposed to the council on jinmeiyō kanji of/by? the legislative council of/by? the Ministry of Justice. The list included certain characters that were in strong demand by parents to use in their children's names, such as 苺 (Ichigo: "strawberry"), 遥 (Haruka, "distant"), 煌 (Akira, "scintillating"), 牙 (Kiba, "fang"). Many others were included not for their potential use in a name (as was noted) but rather for their frequency of use and the ease of reading and writing them: 糞 (Kuso, "excrement"), 呪 (Norou, "curse"), 屍 (Shikabane, "corpse"), 癌 (Gan, "cancer"). At this same council, it was decided to offer the chance until July 9, 2004 to propose characters to be included or excluded from the final report on the (web?) site of the Ministry of Justice.
July 23 2004
No addition was made. After sharp protests, the council decided to withdraw nine characters of the 489 which had received requests for withdrawal. Those nine characters were: 糞 (see above), 呪 (see above), 屍 (see above), 癌 (see above), 姦 ( kashimashii "rape, seduction"), 淫 (midara, "obscene"), 怨 (urami, "resentment"), 痔 (shimogasa "haemarroids"), 妾 (sobame, "concubine").
The 480 other characters still remain under consideration for withdrawal. One additional character was included, namely 掬 (kiku, "to draw up water with one's hands").
September 27 2004
488 characters and 205 variant forms were added, bringing the total number of the jinmeiyō kanji to 983.
List of the traditional kanji tolerated in names
List of characters tolerated in names. The majority are versions that are not simplified (thus antiquated) from those which are officially authorized.
Kanji coming from the jōyō kanji
(If the following Unicode characters are not available in your browser's font, they may be displayed as squares or question marks.)
亞(亜) 惡(悪) 爲(為) 逸(逸) 衞(衛) 谒(謁) 緣(縁) 應(応) 櫻(桜) 奧(奥) 橫(横) 溫(温)
價(価) 祸(禍) 祉(悔) 海(海) 壞(壊) 懷(懐) 樂(楽) 渴(渇) 卷(巻) 陷(陥) 寬(寛) 漢(漢)
氣(気) 祈(祈) 器(器) 僞(偽) 戲(戯) 虛(虚) 峽(峡) 狹(狭) 響(響) 曉(暁) 勤(勤) 謹(謹)
勳(勲) 薰(薫) 惠(恵) 揭(掲) 鷄(鶏) 藝(芸) 擊(撃) 縣(県) 儉(倹) 劍(剣) 險(険) 圈(圏)
檢(検) 顯(顕) 驗(験) 嚴(厳) 廣(広) 恆(恒) 黃(黄) 國(国) 黑(黒) 穀(穀) 碎(砕) 雜(雑)
祉(祉) 視(視) 兒(児) 濕(湿) 社(社) 者(者) 煮(煮) 壽(寿) 收(収) 臭(臭) 從(従) 澁(渋)
獸(獣) 縱(縦) 祝(祝) 暑(暑) 署(署) 緖(緒) 諸(諸) 敍(叙) 將(将) 祥(祥) 涉(渉) 燒(焼)
獎(奨) 條(条) 狀(状) 乘(乗) 淨(浄) 剩(剰) 疊(畳) 孃(嬢) 讓(譲) 釀(醸) 神(神) 眞(真)
寢(寝) 愼(慎) 盡(尽) 粹(粋) 醉(酔) 穗(穂) 瀨(瀬) 齊(斉) 靜(静) 攝(摂) 節(節) 專(専)
戰(戦) 纖(繊) 禪(禅) 祖(祖) 壯(壮) 爭(争) 莊(荘) 搜(捜) 巢(巣) 裝(装) 僧(僧) 層(層)
騷(騒) 增(増) 憎(憎) 藏(蔵) 贈(贈) 臟(臓) 卽(即) 帶(帯) 滯(滞) 單(単) 嘆(嘆) 團(団)
彈(弾) 晝(昼) 鑄(鋳) 節(著) 廳(庁) 徵(徴) 聽(聴) 懲(懲) 鎭(鎮) 轉(転) 傳(伝) 都(都)
燈(灯) 盜(盗) 稻(稲) 德(徳) 突(突) 難(難) 拜(拝) 賣(売) 梅(梅) 髮(髪) 拔(抜) 繁(繁)
晚(晩) 卑(卑) 祕(秘) 碑(碑) 賓(賓) 敏(敏) 侮(侮) 福(福) 拂(払) 佛(仏) 勉(勉) 步(歩)
墨(墨) 飜(翻) 每(毎) 默(黙) 藥(薬) 與(与) 搖(揺) 樣(様) 謠(謡) 來(来) 賴(頼) 覽(覧)
欄(欄) 龍(竜) 虜(虜) 綠(緑) 淚(涙) 壘(塁) 類(類) 曆(暦) 歷(歴) 練(練) 鍊(錬) 郞(郎)
朗(朗) 廊(廊) 錄(録)
Kanji coming from the jinmeiyō kanji
亙(亘) 巖(巌) 彌(弥) 渚(渚) 猪(猪) 琢(琢) 祐(祐) 祿(禄) 禎(禎) 穰(穣)
Complete list of the 290 jinmeiyō kanji
丑 丞 乃 之 也 亘 亥 亦 亨 亮 伊 伍 伎 伶 伽 佑 侃 侑 倖 倭 偲 允 冴 冶 凌 凜 凪 凱 勁 匡 卯 叡 只 叶 吾 呂 哉 唄 啄 喬 嘉 圭 尭 奈 奎 媛 嬉 孟 宏 宥 寅 峻 崚 嵐 嵩 嵯 嶺 巌 巳 巴 巽 庄 弘 弥 彗 彦 彪 彬 怜 恕 悌 惇 惟 惣 慧 憧 拳 捷 捺 敦 斐 於 旦 旭 旺 昂 昌 昴 晃 晋 晏 晟 晨 智 暉 暢 曙 朋 朔 李 杏 杜 柊 柚 柾 栗 栞 桂 桐 梓 梢 梧 梨 椋 椎 椰 椿 楊 楓 楠 榛 槙 槻 樺 橘 檀 欣 欽 毅 毬 汀 汐 汰 沙 洲 洵 洸 浩 淳 渚 渥 湧 滉 漱 澪 熙 熊 燎 燦 燿 爽 爾 猪 玖 玲 琉 琢 琳 瑚 瑛 瑞 瑠 瑶 瑳 璃 甫 皐 皓 眉 眸 睦 瞭 瞳 矩 碧 碩 磯 祐 禄 禎 秦 稀 稔 稜 穣 竣 笙 笹 紗 紘 紬 絃 絢 綜 綸 綺 綾 緋 翔 翠 耀 耶 聡 肇 胡 胤 脩 舜 艶 芙 芹 苑 茉 茄 茅 茜 莉 莞 菖 菫 萌 萩 葵 蒔 蒼 蓉 蓮 蔦 蕉 蕗 藍 藤 蘭 虎 虹 蝶 衿 袈 裟 詢 誼 諄 諒 赳 輔 辰 迪 遥 遼 邑 那 郁 酉 醇 采 錦 鎌 阿 隼 雛 霞 靖 鞠 須 頌 颯 馨 駒 駿 魁 鮎 鯉 鯛 鳩 鳳 鴻 鵬 鶴 鷹 鹿 麟 麿 黎 黛 亀
External links