John Caroway Arrowsmith (1894-1985) was a Colonel in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, commanding the 45th Engineers in the China-Burma-India Theater of Operations during World War II.

In 1942, Arrowsmith was placed in command of Base Section 3 in Ledo, Assam, India which was responsible for construction of the Ledo Road. Under Arrowsmith's command, the road reached the Patkai mountains and crossed into Burma. Arrowsmith was promoted to Brigadier General. Brigadier General Lewis A. Pick replaced Arrowsmith as Chief Road Engineer in October 1943. Arrowsmith continued as commander of the 45th Engineers until 1944, and continued his army career until 1953 when he retired.