John Silva Meehan (February 6, 1790 – April 24, 1863) was the fourth United States Librarian of Congress, serving from 1829 to 1861.

Meehan was a Democratic printer and publisher appointed Librarian of Congress by President Andrew Jackson, replacing in the post the Whig activist George Watterston, who opposed Jackson. However, Meehan’s tenure was a conservative one and he and his Congressional supporters advocated limits on the size of the Library. Many of the Library’s functions were transferred to other government agencies. When a fire destroyed 35,000 volumes in 1851, including two-thirds of the materials originally provided by President Thomas Jefferson, the money provided by Congress for restoration was used solely for replacing lost materials and not for expansion. Meehan did provide a small collection of periodicals for Congressional perusal which, under later Librarians, became the periodicals division.

Meehan served under nine presidents. Despite Congressional opposition, President Abraham Lincoln replaced Meehan with a Republican supporter, John G. Stephenson.