Leif Erland Andersson (1944–1979), was a Swedish astronomer.

Leif Andersson studied at Lund University, but received a scholarship to an observatory in Sicily in 1968, after which he went to the University of Indiana to complete his Ph.D. degree. He later worked at the Lunar & Planetary Science Laboratory of the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona. Andersson calculated the first observable transits of Pluto and Charon to occur in the early 1980s.

Andersson was a child prodigy who won the Swedish television quiz show 10.000-kronorsfrågan ("The 10,000 crown question") twice, the first time at age 16.

After his early death of lymphatic cancer at the age of 35, the crater Andersson on the Moon was named after him.