List of authors on Islam by period and bias

Medieval

• With a known bias:
  • John of Damascus
  • Martin Luther
  • Ludovico Maracci
  • Prideaux
  • Simon Ockley

• Neutral or favorable:

Late period

• With a known bias:
  • William Muir
  • William St Clair-Tisdall
  • John Drew Bate
  • Ignaz Goldziher
  • Karl Pfander
  • S. W. Koelle
  • D. S. Margoliouth
  • Samuel Zewmer

• Neutral or favorable:
  • Edward Gibbon
  • Henri Comte De Boulainvilliers
  • George Sale
  • Theodore Gagnier
  • Washington Irving
  • Thomas Carlyle
  • Reginald Bosworth Smith
  • Charles Forster
  • Frederick Denison Maurice
  • Godfrey Higgins
  • John Davenport

• Unknow/To Be determined
  • Gustav Weil
  • Adolph Sprenger

Contemporary

• With a known bias:
  • Daniel Pipes
  • Bat Ye'or
  • Ibn Warraq
  • Anwar Sheikh
  • Christof Heger
  • Christof Luxenberg
  • Bernard Lewis
  • Cal Thomas

• Neutral or favorable:
  • Karen Armstrong
  • John Esposito
  • George Saliba
  • Martin Lings