List of the Heads of State of Afghanistan

Contents

1 Ashvagan 2 The Afghan State in Qandahar 3 Iranian Rule 4 The Emirate of Afghanistan 4.1 Durrani Dynasty 4.2 Barakzai Dynasty 4.3 Durrani Dynasty (restored) 4.4 Barakzai Dynasty (restored) 4.5 Last Emirs 5 The Kingdom of Afghanistan 5.1 Barakzai Dynasty 5.2 Usurping King 5.3 Barakzai Dynasty (restored) 6 The 1st Republic of Afghanistan 7 Dictatorship 8 The Communist State (Democratic Republic of Afghanistan) 9 The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan 10 The Taliban State (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan) 11 The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan (Restored) 12 Transitional State of Afghanistan 13 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 13.1 President 14 Prime Ministers of Afghanistan

Ashvagan

• Possibly 1220 to mid-13th century ruled by Mongol Emperors
• Mid-13th century to 1404 divided between local Mongol leaders
• 1404 to 1507 within Timurid Empire
• 1507 to 1709 Iranian rule

The Afghan State in Qandahar

• Mir Wais Khan Hotak (1709-1715)
• Mahmud Khan Hotak (1715-1725)
• Ashraf Khan (1725-October 1729)

Iranian Rule

• 1729-1747

The Emirate of Afghanistan

Durrani Dynasty

• Emir Ahmad Shah Durrani ('Baba') (October 1747-October 16 (23?) 1772) (died)
• Emir Timur Shah Abdali (October 1772-1793)
• Emir Zaman Mirza Shah Abdali (1793-1801) (deposed)
• Emir Mahmud Shah (1801-1803) (deposed)
• Emir Shoja Shah (1803-1809) (deposed)
• Emir Mahmud Shah (1809-1818) (deposed & exiled)
• Emir Sultan Ali Shah (1818-1819)
• Emir Sultan Ayub Shah (1819-1823) (deposed)

Barakzai Dynasty

• Emir Dost Mohammad Khan (1818-August 1839) (fled)

Durrani Dynasty (restored)

• Emir Shoja Shah (1839-early 1843) (assassinated)

Barakzai Dynasty (restored)

• Akbar Khan (led resistance 1839-1842)
• Emir Dost Mohammad Khan (1843-June 9 1863)
• Emir Shir Ali Khan (June 1863-February 21 1879)
• Mohammad Uzful Khan (in revolt 1866)
• Mohammad Azim Khan (controlled much of the country 1866-1869)
• Emir Ya'qub Khan (February 1879-October 1879) (forced to abdicate)
• Emir Abdul Rahman Khan (October 1879/July 22, 1880-October 3 1901)

Last Emirs

• Nasrullah Khan (February 21, 1919 - February 28, 1919)
• Amanullah Khan (February 28, 1919 - June 9, 1926)

The Kingdom of Afghanistan

Barakzai Dynasty

• King Habibullah Khan (October 3, 1901 - February 20, 1919) (assassinated)
• King Amanullah Shah (February 28 1919/June 9, 1926 - January 14, 1929) (abdicated in coup d'état)
• King Inayatullah Shah (January 14, 1929 - January 17, 1929)

Usurping King

• King Habibullah Ghazi (Bachech Saqow) (January 17, 1929 - October 13, 1929)

Barakzai Dynasty (restored)

• King Mohammad Nadir Shah (October 17, 1929 - November 8, 1933) (assassinated)
• King Mohammed Zahir Shah (November 8, 1933 - July 17, 1973) (deposed in bloodless coup d'état)

The 1st Republic of Afghanistan

• Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan (July 17, 1973 - April 27, 1978) (killed in coup d'état) - president

Dictatorship

• General Abdul Qadir (April 27, 1978 - April 30, 1978) - Chairman of The Military Council

The Communist State (Democratic Republic of Afghanistan)

Communist Presidents of The Revolutionary Council

• Nur Mohammad Taraki (April 30, 1978 - September 16, 1979)
• Hafizullah Amin (September 16, 1979 - December 27, 1979)
• Babrak Karmal (December 27, 1979 - November 24, 1986) (also Party General Secretary December 27, 1979 - May 4, 1986)
• Haji Mohammad Chamkani (November 24, 1986 - September 30, 1987)
• Mohammad Najibullah (September 30, 1987 - November 30, 1987) (also Party General Secretary May 4, 1986 - June, 1990)

The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan

Presidents

• Mohammad Najibullah (November 30, 1987 - April 16, 1992)
• Abdul Rahim Hatif (April 16, 1992 - April 28, 1992)
• Sibghatullah Mojadedi (April 28, 1992 - June 28, 1992)
• Burhanuddin Rabbani (June 28, 1992 - September 27, 1996), continues to claim presidency in exile with international recognition, until 2001.

The Taliban State (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan)

Head of State

• Mullah Mohammad Omar (September 27, 1996 - November 13, 2001), Spirtual leader of ruling Taliban

Heads of the Taliban Supreme Council

• Mullah Mohammad Rabbani (September 27, 1996 - April 16, 2001)
• Mawlawi Abdul Kabir (April 16, 2001 - November 13, 2001)

The 2nd Republic of Afghanistan (Restored)

• President Burhanuddin Rabbani (November 13, 2001 to December 22, 2001), restored

Transitional State of Afghanistan

• Hamid Karzai (December 22, 2001 to December 7, 2004) interim leader and chairman of the Afghan Transitional Authority

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

President

• Hamid Karzai (December 7, 2004-) the duly-elected president

Prime Ministers of Afghanistan

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Tenure	Incumbent	Affiliation	Notes
25 October 1927 to January 1929	Sardar Shir Ahmad , Padshah-i Afghanistan
January 1929 to 1 November 1929	Shir Giyan , Padshah-i Afghanistan
14 November 1929 to 1937	Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, Padshah-i Afghanistan
1937 to May 1946	Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan, De Afghanistan Bacha		Pashto made official language of Afghanistan
May 1946 to 7 September 1953	Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan
7 September 1953 to 10 March 1963	Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan
10 March 1963 to 2 November 1965	Mohammad Yusuf
2 November 1965 to 11 October 1967	Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal
11 October 1967 to 1 November 1967	Abdullah Yaqta , interim Prime Minister
1 November 1967 to 9 June 1971	Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi
9 June 1971 to 12 December 1972	Abdul Zahir
12 December 1972 to 17 July 1973	Mohammad Musa Shafiq
1 May 1978 to 27 March 1979	Nur Mohammad Taraki
27 March 1979 to 27 December 1979	Hafizullah Amin
27 December 1979 to 11 June 1981	Babrak Karmal
11 June 1981 to 26 May 1988	Sultan Ali Keshtmand		1st Term
26 May 1988 to 21 February 1989	Mohammad Hassan Sharq
21 February 1989 to 8 May 1990	Sultan Ali Keshtmand		2nd Term
8 May 1990 to 15 April 1992	Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
6 July 1992 to 15 August 1992	Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani
17 June 1993 to 28 June 1994	Gulbuddin Hekmatyar		1st Term
November 1994 to 1995	Arsala Rahmani , acting Prime Minister
1995 to 26 June 1996	Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai , acting Prime Minister
26 June 1996 to 27 September 1996	Gulbuddin Hekmatyar		2nd Term
27 September 1996 to 11 August 1997	Gulbuddin Hekmatyar		Under Burhanuddin Rabbani
11 August 1997 to 21 August 1997	Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai		Under Burhanuddin Rabbani
August 1997 to 2001	Abdul Ghafoor Rawan Farhadi		Under Burhanuddin Rabbani

See also: List of Afghan Transitional Administration personnel, History of Afghanistan