The Little Conemaugh River is a tributary of the Conemaugh River, approximately 30 mi (48 km) long, in western Pennsylvania in the United States.
The main branch rises in eastern Cambria County, along the western slope of the Appalachian ridge separating the watersheds of the Ohio and Susquehanna rivers. It flows WSW through the mountains, past Cassandra, Portage, and Summerhill, where it is joined by the South Fork Little Conemaugh River. It joins the Stoneycreek River at Johnstown to form the Conemaugh.
From 1834 to 1854 the river was paralled by the Allegheny Portage Railroad, connecting the two branches of Pennsylvania Main Line Canal , with the western terminus of the portage railroad at Johnstown. On May 31, 1889, a dam on the South Fork holding back a 3 mi (5 km) long reservoir failed, sending a wall of water down the Little Conemaugh at 40 mi/h (64 km/h) and up to 60 ft (18 m) high, resulting in the loss of over 2,200 lives in one of the worst disasters in U.S. history (see: Johnstown Flood).
The river flows through scenic mountainous areas but is considered severely degraded by abandoned mine drainages from the long exploitation of the region's coal resources. The recovery of the river is an ongoing project of federal, state, and private agencies.
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