Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (21 July 1858–6 February 1929) was the second wife of King Alphonso XII of Spain and was Queen Regent of Spain during the minority of her son Alfonso XIII, from 21 July 1886 - 7 May 1902.

She was born at Schloß Gross Seelowtiz, near Brünn, in Moravia, the daughter of Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Archduke Joseph Anton Johann of Austria.

She married King Alfonso XII of Spain on 29 November 1879 at the Royal Palace in Madrid, and became the mother of his only three legitimate children.

She died at the Royal Palace in Madrid.