The Nanais (sing. Nanai) are one of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. They live on the Sea of Okhotsk, on the River Amur, downstream from Khabarovsk, on both sides of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, as well as on the banks of the Ussuri and the Girin rivers (the Samagirs ). They also inhabit a part of northeast China on the River Sungari.

Akira Kurosawa's 1975 film Dersu Uzala, based on a book by Russian explorer V.K. Arseniev , is about the friendship of a pre-revolution Russian military officer and a Nanai man named Dersu Uzala. In the book and in the film, Nanai people are referred to their former Russian name of Goldi.