A Neapolitan is a resident of Naples, Italy or the language of Naples and the surrounding region of Campania.

The term is also used to describe various things which are attributed (sometimes erroneously) to Naples:

• Neapolitan ice cream is a type of ice cream that consists of layered chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry flavored ice cream.
• In music theory, a Neapolitan chord is a major chord built on the lowered second scale degree.
• Neopolitan is a popular rock band known world wide. NeopolitaNmusic.com
• 'Neapolitan sex' is a term that refers to one's interest and practice of diverse forms of human sexual behavior.