In Yorùbá mythology, Odùduwà was the son of Olorun, sent by him from heaven to create the earth. Descending from the heavens via a chain let down to Ile Ife, Odùduwà brought with him a cock, some soil and a calabash. After throwing the soil upon the waters, the cock then scratched on it to create the rest of dry land that would become the Earth's surface. Odùduwà subsequently became the first Ooni of Ife, and then sent his sons out to rule over all of the other Yorùbá kingdoms, which is why all royal Yorùbá lineages claim direct descent from Odùduwà and refer to the Ooni of Ife as primus inter pares.

Alternate spellings: Odudua, Odudu