Repatriation (from late Latin repatriare - to restore someone to his homeland) is a term frequently used to describe the process of return of refugees to their homes, most notably after a war. In 20th century after all European wars several repatriation commissions were created to supervise the return of war refugees, displaced persons and prisoners of war to their country of origin.

In communist double speech the word was also used in a distinct sense, to denote the process of population transfer or forced expulsion of person or persons from their homeland.