Robert Lucas (April 1, 1781 – February 7, 1853) was the 12th governor of Ohio from 1832 to 1836. He was also the chairman of the first Democratic national convention and the first territorial governor of Iowa from 1838 to 1841. Lucas had attained the rank of major general in the Ohio militia during the War of 1812. Lucas County, Ohio was established and named for the governor during his second term, in defiance of the Michigan Territory which also claimed the land around the mouth of the Maumee River, provoking the bloodless Toledo War.

See Robert Lucas Jr for the 1995 recipient of the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.