For more details, see Hebrew alphabet and Romanization#Hebrew.
The two most common standards for romanization of modern Hebrew are those of the United Nations and the Library of Congress. They are identical in most respects, but there are some significant differences.
In romanizing ancient Hebrew texts there is greater ambiguity, and though the tables here will usually provide reasonable approximations, it can be difficult for the layperson to reconstruct an approximate pronunciation. (For example, see Tetragrammaton.)
| LOC | Name | Number | LOC | UN | IPA (Modern Israeli) |
| א | Alef | 1 | ’ or disregard | , - | [ ] |
| בּ | Bet | 2 | b | b | |
| ב | Bet | 2 | v | v | [ b, v ] |
| ג | Gimel | 3 | g | g | [ ɡ ] |
| ד | Dalet | 4 | d | d | [ d ] |
| ה | He | 5 | h | h | [ h~ʔ, - ] |
| ו | Vav | 6 | •v | w | [ v ] |
| װ | Vav | 6 | •v (only if a consonant) | | |
| ז | Zayin | 7 | z | z | [ z ] |
| ח | Het | 8 | •h | h | [ x~ħ ] |
| ט | Tet | 9 | •t | t | [ t ] |
| י | Yod | 10 | y (only if a consonant | y | [ j ] |
| כּ, ךּ | Yod | 10 | k | k | |
| כ, ך | Kaf | 20 | kh | kh | [ k, x ] |
| ל | Lamed | 30 | l | l | [ l ] |
| מ, ם | Mem | 40 | m | m | [ m ] |
| נ, ן | Nun | 50 | n | n | [ n ] |
| ס | Samekh | 60 | s | s | [ s ] |
| ע | Ayin | 70 | ‘ | ‘ | [ ʔ ~ ʕ, - ] |
| פּ, ףּ | Pe | 80 | p | p | |
| פ, ף | Pe | 80 | f | f | [ p, f ] |
| צ, ץ | Tsadi | 90 | ts | z | [ t͡s ] |
| ק | Qof | 100 | •k | q | [ k ] |
| ר | Resh | 200 | r | r | [ ʁ ] |
| שׁ | Shin | 300 | sh | sh | [ ʃ, s ] |
| שׂ | Shin | 300 | `s | s | |
| תּ | Tav | 400 | t | t | |
| ת | Tav | 400 | t (in Yiddish, `s) | t | [ t ] |
| ַ | | | a | a | |
| ָ | | | a or o | a or o | |
| ֶ | | | e | e | |
| ֵ | | | e | e | |
| ִ | | | i | i | |
| ֹ | | | o | o | |
| ֻ | | | u | u | |
| י ֶ | | | e | e | |
| י ַ | | | ai | a | |
| י ֵ | | | e | e | |
| י ִ | | | i | i | |
| וֹ | | | o | o | |
| וּ | | | u | u | |
| ְ | | | e or disregarded | e or disregarded | |
| ֲ | | | a | a | |
| ֱ | | | e | e | |
| ֳ | | | o | o | |
External links
Last updated: 10-19-2005 02:10:23
