|
|
Haminoeidae
(Redirected from Sphaeratys)
Family Haminoeidae Pilsbry, 1895, or the haminoeid bubble family, is a family of marine bubble shells that belong to the superfamily Haminoeoidea. The name of this family has long been controversial and used to be Atyidae or Atydidae. Another, but incorrect, spelling was Haminaeidae (See (I.C.Z.N.) 2000. Opinion 1942).
A number of genera have been proposed for this family, but the species are hard to identify by looking at the shell characteristics alone. Until the internal anatomy of 'wet' specimens has been fully described, the status of most of the following genera is uncertain.
These are colorful snails, that can partially take the color of the bottom of the sea floor.
Their large cephalic shield is rounded at the front, but deeply lobed behind. The mantle protrudes behind the shell. The shell is partially or completely enfolded by lateral parapodial (= fleshy winglike outgrowths) lobes.
Their shell is varies from 3 mm to 30 mm. It is ovoid, thin and translucent. It may be smooth or have spiral grooves (striae). The umbilical apex is sunken or enclosed and no longer visible. Large body whorl with fine spiral striations. Smooth columella.
The thin outer lip of the aperture extends beyond the apex of the shell and is thus longer than the body whorl. The aperture narrows posteriorly and is wider anteriorly.
These are sand dwellers or living on muddy bottoms in bays, estuaries, close to the shore. They occur in all warm or temperate seas.
They are herbivorous. Their diet consists of various kinds of green algae. They can survive in brackish water.
They are hermophroditic. Their eggs are deposited in round of oval jellylike strings, attached to eelgrass or sand.
Atys naucum and Atys cylindricum are known to show biological fluorescence.
Further treatment at Cephalaspidea and Haminoeoidea
Genus Aliculastrum Pilsbry, 1896 (originally considered a subgenus of Atys)
These are herbivores on plant or algal substrates.
- Aliculastrum attenuatum
- Aliculastrum cylindricum (Helbling, 1779) Cylindrical Atys, Cylindrical True Bubble, Silkworm Shell
- Distribution : Indo- West Pacific
- Length : 10-30 mm
- Aliculastrum extensum
- Aliculastrum ooformis (Habe, 1964)
Genus Atys Montfort, 1810 Atys Bubble Shells
All species are herbivores.
- Atys angustatus Smith, 1972
- Atys beberkiriana Martin, 1906
- Atys blainvilliana Récluz, 1843 (probably a synonym of Atys jeffreysi)
- Distribution : Mediterranean, Turkey
- Atys brocchii Michelotti, 1847
- Distribution : Mediterranean, Turkey
- Atys caribaeus d'Orbigny, 1841 Caribbean Glassy-bubble, Sharp’s Paper-bubble
- Distribution : Florida, Caribbean, Brazil, Western Atlantic Ocean.
- Length : 11 mm
- Description : found at depths up to 183 m; small ovate white shell, narrowing toward the apex; sunken spire; body whorl has spiral grooves at the edges; narrow aperture
- Atys casta Carpenter, 1864 Clean Glassy-bubble
- Distribution : Baja Californica, Mexico
- Length : 10 mm
- Atys chelidon Melvill, 1912
- Atys cheverti Brazier, 1879
- Atys chimera Baker & Hanna, 1927
- Distribution : Baja Californica, Mexico
- Length : 7 mm
- Atys constrictus Habe, 1952
- Atys convexa Preston, 1908
- Atys costulosa Pease, 1869
- Atys curta A. Adams, 1850 Striate Bubble
- Atys cylindrica Hinds, 1779
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
- Length : 30 mm
- Description : Thin, fragile, subcylindrical shell with sunken apex. Color is white or very light brown. it may have a few brown axial lines.
- Atys dactylus Hedley, 1899
- Atys darnleyensis Brazier, 1879
- Atys debilis Pease, 1871
- Distribution : Hawaii
- Length : 10 mm
- Description : on sandy bottoms where they burrow through the sand with their flattened headshield for food like small crustaceans.
- Atys dubiosa Brazier, 1879
- Atys ehrenbergi A. Issel, 1869 (possibly = Atys naucum)
- Distribution : Red Sea
- Length : 11 mm
- Atys flavovirens Melvill & Standen, 1903
- Atys fukuokaensis Habe
- Atys guildingi Sowerby II, 1869 Guildin’s Atys
- Distribution :Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuelea, Brazil
- Length : 12 mm
- Description : found at depths up to 25 m
- Atys hyalina Watson, 1883
- Atys jeffreysi Weinkauff, 1868
- Distribution : Canaries, Madeira, Azores, Mediterranean
- Atys kekele Pilsbry, 1920
- Atys kuhnsi Pilsbry, 1917
- Atys liriope Hertlein & Strong, 1951
- Distribution : California, Mexico
- Length : 10 mm
- Atys lithensis Sturany, 1903
- Atys macandrawii E.A. Smith, 1872
- Distribution : Caribbean, Brazil, Eastern Atlantic Ocean, Azores, Canaries, Cape Verde Islands
- Length : 7.3 mm
- Description : found at depths of up to 75 m
- Atys mirandae Smith, 1872
- Atys multistriata Schepman, 1913
- Distribution : Micronesia, Philippines
- Length : 12 mm
- Description : short headshield, broadened anteriorly, with internal black eyes. Short posterior lobes. Triangulate parapodia cover the anterior of the shell; short, rounded tail; The translucent Hancock’s organs appear as a thin low profile ridge. Translucent white animal with brown spots and clusters of opaque white dots; thin, elongate, ovoid shell; inner margin of the outer lip extends above the apex; slightly curved columella; deep umbilicus behind the fold
- Atys muscaria Gould, 1859
- Atys naucum Linnaeus, 1758 White Nut Sheath Bubble, Pacific Nut Sheath Bubble
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific (excluding the Red Sea), Australia
- Length : 22-50 mm
- Description : common species; light brown inflated bubble shell;: the brown color comes from the periostracum, covering the shell; this flakes off when the snail dies; juveniles have lengthwise brown wavy lines on the shell.
- Atys neglecta Preston, 1908
- Atys nonscriptus Clean-slate Glassy-bubble
- Atys obscuratus Dall, 1896 Obscure Glassy-bubble
- Distribution : North Carolina
- Length : 4 mm
- Atys okamotoi Habe, 1952
- Atys pacei Preston, 1908
- Atys palmarum Hedley, 1912
- Atys porcellana Gould, 1859
- Atys pransa Hedley, 1904
- Atys pulchra, Brazier, 1879
- Atys reliquua Iredale, 1936
- Atys riiseanus Mörch, 1875
- Distribution : Florida, Caribbean, Brazil
- Length : 13 mm
- Description : found at depths up to 90 m
- Atys sandersoni Dall, 1881
- Distribution : North Carolina, Cuba, Pnama, Brazil
- Length : 8 mm
- Atys scrobiculata A. Adams, 1862
- Atys semistriata Pease, 1860 Variably Banded Atys, Variable Banded Bubble
- Distribution : West Pacific
- Length : 6 mm
- Atys submalleata Smith, 1904
- Atys supracancellata Schepman, 1913
- Atys vixumbilicata Preston, 1908
- Atys xarifae Marcus, 1959
Genus Cylichnium Dall, 1908
- Cylichnium africanum
- Cylichnium domitum Dall, 1908
- Cylichnium matsumotoi (Habe), 1955
Genus Diniatys Iredale, 1936
- Diniatys dentifer A. Adams, 1850
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
- Length : 10 mm
- Description : this herbivore is found on the bluegreen alga Lyngbya majuscula, Schizothrix and Hormothamnion. There is pointed projection on the columella. The color varies between green and various shades of brown. Two black eyes on the back of the cephalic shield.
- Diniatys monodonta A. Adams, 1850
Genus Haloa
- Haloa binotata H. (A. Pilsbry), 1895
- Distribution : Indo Pacific
- Haloa constricta A. Adams, 1850
- Haloa crocata W. H. Pease, 1860
- Haloa flavescens (A. Adams), 1850
- Distribution : Indo Pacific
- Haloa fusca W. H. Pease, 1863
- Distribution : Indo Pacific
- Haloa japonica H. A. Pilsbry, 1895 Japanese Paper-bubble
- Distribution : Indo Pacific, Japan
- Length : 10 mm
- Description : species with beautiful colors : glassy white background with tiny white spots and dark patches with orange dots.
- Haloa kawamurai T. Habe, 1950
- Distribution : Indo Pacific
- Haloa margaritoides T. Kuroda & T. Habe, 1971
- Distribution : Japan
- Length : 7 mm
- Description : intertidal among seaweeds
- Haloa nigripunctata W. H. Pease, 1868
- Haloa rotundata A. Adams, 1850
- Haloa vitrea (A. Adams), 1850
- Haloa yamaguchii T. Habe, 1952
- Distribution : Indo Pacific
Genus Haminoea Leach 1820
There have been three different spellings (Haminoea, Haminea, Haminaea) in usage for the same genus for over two hundred years. The ICZN has finally settled on the correct spelling Haminoea.
Many species have green algae growing on their shells. The posterior tip of the headshield is bilobed, except in Haminoea elegans.
- Haminoea alfredensis P. Bartsch, 1915
- Distribution : South Africa
- Length : 9-17 mm
- Description : has a broad radular ribbon with about 40 teeth in each half row; translucent greenish color, dotted with yellow to orange spots.
- Haminoea angelensis F. Baker & G. D. Hanna, 1927
- Distribution : Gulf of California, Mexico
- Length : 7 mm
- Haminoea antillarum d'Orbigny, 1841 Antilles Glassy-bubble, Antilles Paper-bubble
- Distribution : Florida, Caribbean, Brazil.
- Length : 12-20 mm
- Haminoea antillarum guadaloupensis Sowerby II, 1868
- Distribution : Florida, Cuba, Guadaloupe
- Length : 12-18 mm
- Description : globose shell with greenish yellow color, covered with longitudinal striae (= stripes); mantle with white to greenish background with small black dots.
- Haminoea brevis J. R. C. Quoy & J. P. Gaimard, 1833
- Haminoea calledegenita Gibson & Chia, 1989
- Distribution : West America
- Description : has a deeply bifurcate headshield.
- Haminoea crocata
- Haminoea curta A. Adams, 1850
- Haminoea cyanomarginata Heller & Thompson, 1983
- Distribution : Greece, Turkey, Red Sea.
- Length : 50 mm
- Description: colorful animal: cream-white mantle bordered with a purple line on the parapodia, headshield and the infrapallial lobe
- Haminoae cymbalum J. R. C. Quoy & J. P. Gaimard, 1833
- Distribution : West-Pacific, Indonesia to Hawaii, Japan
- Length : 13- 20 mm
- Description : translucent withgreen color (caused by growths of green algae), mottled with lightbrown spots, outlined in white, and darker brown dots; There can be a wide variation in the color pattern. This species is fairly uncommon, but, when found, always in large aggregations.
- Haminoea cymbiformis Carpenter, 1856
- Haminoea elegans Gray, 1825 Atlantic Elegant Paper Bubble; Elegant Glassy Bubble
- Distribution : West Africa, Florida, Caribbean, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil
- Length : 23.5 mm
- Description : found at depths up to 34 m; translucent mantle with patches of brown and black; posterior end of the headshield is not bilobed; shell with spiral grooves.
- Haminoea ferruginosa A. Adams, 1850
- Distribution : Indian Ocean
- Haminoea fusari Alvarez, E.F.García & Villani, 1993
- Haminoea fusca Pease, 1863
- Distribution : Indo-Pacific
- Length : 25 mm
- Description : color of the shell : varies from greenish to brown and light purple.
- Haminoea galba W. H. Pease, 1861
- Distribution : Indo Pacific
- Haminoea glabra A. Adams, 1850
- Distribution : Yucatan, Panama
- Length : 4.3 mm
- Haminoea gracilis G. B. Sowerby III, 1897
- Distribution : South Africa
- Length : 10-14 mm
- Haminoea guildingii W.A. Swainson, 1840
- Haminoea hydatis Linnaeus, 1758
- Distribution : SW Britain, Ireland, France and south to the Mediterranean, Madeira and Canaries; Ascension Island, St. Helena, west coast of Africa
- Length : 8-30 mm (shell : 15 mm)
- Description : fragile shell hidden by the mantle and parapodial lobes in crawling animals. Herbivorous swimming darkbrown snail found on muddy sands, shell grit and algae fields, down to unknown depths.
- Haminoea japonica T. Habe Japanese Delicate Bubble
- Distribution : Japan, Korea, Thailand
- Length : 19 mm
- Haminoea margaritoides Kuroda & Habe, 1971
- Distribution : Japan
- Length : 7 mm
- Haminoea maugeansis Burn, 1966
- Haminoea natalensis C. F. Krauss, 1848
- Distribution : South Africa
- Length : 6 mm
- Description : broad radular ribbon with 7 teeth in each half row.
- Haminoea navicula da Costa, 1778
- Distribution : SW Britain, south to the Mediterranean, Ascension Island, St. Helena; Atlantic and Mediterranean costas of france and Spain; Black Sea
- Length : up to 70 mm (shell : 32 mm)
- Description : larger species, with heavier and darker-white shell; cephalic shield with short tentacular processes at front. Found on muddy sands especially among Eelgrass (Zostera marina). Does not swim. This species is able to change its color to correspond with its environment The color puigments (or melanophores) in the skin can be obscured. The skin color can change in this way from dark brown to white in four to five hours.(Edlinger, Malacologia 22; 1982)
- Haminoea orbignyana A. de Férussac, 1822
- Distribution : France to West Africa; Mediterranean, Eastern Atlantic
- Length : 7 mm
- Haminoea orteai F. G. García Talavera, Murillo & Templado 1987
- Distribution : Southern Spain
- Haminoea ovalis Pease 1868
- Distribution : tropical West Pacific
- Length : 10 mm
- Description : translucent body mottled with orange or purple spots; radula with lateral teeth denticulate.
- Haminoea padangensis Thiele, 1825 Padang’s Delicate Bubble
- Distribution : West-Pacific
- Length : 11 mm
- Haminoea peruviana d'Orbigny, 1842
- Distribution : Peru
- Length : 11 mm
- Haminoea petiti d'Orbigny, 1841 Straight Glassy-bubble
- Distribution: Caribbean, Florida, Colombia, Brazil
- Length : 12 mm
- Haminoea pygmaea A. Adams, 1850
- Haminoea solitaria T. Say, 1822 Solitary Glassy-bubble, Say’s Paper-bubble, Solitary Paper-bubbleDistribution : Canada, Massachusetts to Florida
- Length : 8-19 mm
- Description : common bubble snail; oblong smooth shell; bluish-white to yellowish-brown.
- Haminoea strongi Baker & Hanna, 1927
- Distribution : Gulf of California, Mexico
- Length : 14 mm
- Haminoea succinea (T.A. Conrad, 1846) Amber Glassy-bubble
- Distribution : caribbean, Florida, Colombia, Venezuela, Bermuda
- Length : 12 mm
- Haminoea taylorae E. J. Petuch, 1987
- Haminoea tenera A. Adams, 1850
- Haminoea vesicula A. A. Gould, 1855 Blister Glassy-bubble, White Paper-bubble, Gould’s Paper-bubble
- Distribution : West America, Alaska, Gulf of California, Mexico
- Length : 19 mm
- Description : common on muddy flats and on eelgrass; the middle posterior part of the cephalic shield has an indent; brown or greenish-yellowi shell; large, barrel-shaped body whorl covered by a rust periostracum; involute (= sunken) spire; long aperture; outer lip gradually increasing in width; the snail cannot retract completely into its shell.
- Haminoea virescens Sowerby, 1833 Green Glassy-bubble, Green Paper-bubble, Sowerby’s Paper-bubble
- Distribution : Northwestern America from Puget Sound (Seattle) to Gulf of California.
- Length : 13-19 mm
- Description : Thin, fragile shell is ovate and yellowish-green; involute (= sunken) spire, with small perforation; body whorl with longitudinak growth ridges and minute grooves; large aperture; thin outer lip
- Haminoea wallisi Gray, 1825
- Haminoea zelandiae Gray, 1843 White Bubble
- Distribution : New Zealand
- Length : 30 mm (shell : 2o mm)
- Description : very common; translucent snail with variable coloring, going from pale color with black dots, to a unifrom black color; broad headshield; parapodia fold up and envelop most of the shell; thin, ovate translucent shell
Genus Hamineobulla Habe, 1950 (incertae sedis; may be belong to the family Bullidae)
- Hamineobulla kawamurai Habe, 1950
- Distribution : Okinawa
- Length : 6 mm
- Description : brown animal with short cephalic shield; on the shell there are a few transverse rows with brighter dots
Genus Liloa Pilsbry, 1921
Since most of these bubble snails have been identified from the shell alone, the occurrence of synonyms among the following species is quite possible.
- Liloa brevis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
- Distribution : Australia
- Description : elongate body; parapodial flpas cover only the front of the thin, fragile shell
- Liloa curta (A. Adams 1850)
- Distribution : Western Pacific
- Description : elongate body; the color can vary from a few dark spots on a translucent body, to almost completely dark.
- Liloa incisula Yokoyama, 1928
- Liloa laeta A. A. Gould, 1859
- Distribution : Indo Pacific
- Liloa nipponensis Nomura & Hatai, 1940
- Liloa porcellana A. A. Gould, 1859
- Liloa tomaculum H. A. Pilsbry, 1951
- Distribution : Hawaiian Islands
- Liloa translucens A. Adams, 1862
Genus Limulatys Iredale, 1936
- Limulatys constrictus T. Habe, 1952
- Distribution : Indo Pacific
- Length : 16 mm
- Limulatys crassilabris (J. Thiele, 1925)
- Distribution : S.E. Asia, Thailand
- Length : 8 mm
- Limulatys fusiformis T. Habe, 1952
- Limulatys muscarius A. A. Gould, 1859
- Distribution : Indo Pacific, Philippines
- Limulatys okamotoi T. Habe, 1952
- Distribution : Indo Pacific
- Limulatys ooformis T. Habe, 1964 Egg-shaped Bubble
- Distribution : Indo Pacific, Philippines, Thailand
- Length : 20 mm
- Limulatys okamotoi Habe, 1952
- Distribution : Philippines
- Length : 9 mm
- Limulatys reliquus T. Iredale, 1936
- Distribution : New Zealand
- Limulatys scobriculatus A. Adams, 1862
- Limulatys tortuosus A. Adams, 1850
Genus Micratys Habe, 1952
- Micratys ovum T. Habe, 1952
- Distribution : Japan, Philippines
- Length : 2 mm
Genus Mimatys Habe, 1952
- Mimatys fukuokaensis T. Habe, 1952
- Distribution : Japan, Philippines
- Length : 2.5 mm
Genus Nipponatys Kurida & Habe, 1952
- Nipponatys amakusaensis T. Habe & Kikuchi, 1960
- Nipponatys oshimai T. Habe & Kikuchi, 1960
- Nipponatys volvulina A. Adams, 1862
Genus Sericohaminoea Habe, 1952
Genus Sphaeratys F. Nordsieck, 1972 (?)
Genus Ventomnestia
- Ventomnestia bizona (A. Adams, 1850)
- Ventomnestia colorata Iredale, 1936
- Ventomnestia villica (Gould, 1859) (may be a synonym of Ventomnestia bizona)
- Distribution : Guam
- Length : 5.5 mm
- Description : a bubble snail with a great variation in color, going from white to brown, but always with a characteristic pattern; heavy shell; radula formula : 2.1.2;
Genus Weinkauffia A. Adams, 1858
- Weinkauffia diaphana A. Aradas & Maggiore, 1839
- Distribution : West Africa
- Description : has similar gizzard plates as Atys multistriatus
- Weinkauffia turgidula Forbes, 1844
- Distribution : Adriatic Sea, Malta, Turkey
- Length : 5 mm
- Description : fossils of this species have been found in layers of the Pliocene in Italy.
Last updated: 05-26-2005 22:24:36
Last updated: 01-04-2007 01:18:57
|
|
|
