Sydney James Montford Atkinson (March 14, 1901 - August 31, 1977) was a South African athlete, winner of 110 m hurdles at the 1928 Summer Olympics.

Sydney Atkinson came into international athletics scene in 1922, when he ran 110 m hurdles by 15.2 and 400 m hurdles by 56.5. He was also a notable long jumper.

At the 1924 Summer Olympics, The favorite of 110 m hurdles was American George Guthrie . But as the race started, Atkinson and another American Daniel Kinsey got off to a quick start and ran nearly together until the eighth flight when Atkinson edged ahead. Atkinson clipped his toe on the last barrier, giving Kinsey enough of lead to break the tape and win the gold. Guthrie crashed through the barriers behind the two medallists and was disqualified for timber topping.

Atkinson reappeared at the next Olympics, finally getting his gold after the disappointment of 1924, beating the world record holder Steve Anderson from United States to a second place.