The Wilton Diptych (c.1395-1395) is a diptych depicting the John the Baptist and two patron saints of the then British royal family, presenting Richard II of England to the Virgin Mary and the Infant Jesus. It is considered an outstanding example of the International style and of British art of the period. It is currently housed in the National Gallery, London.
History
The painting was painted in sometime in the last five years of Richards reign. Being in the international style, it is disputed whether it was undertaken by a British, French or Itailian Artist. The 'Wilton' moniker was added later because of Wilton House where the painting was stored.
Interpretation
The angels depicted in the picture are wearing the livery of Richard II and one can be seen to be carrying a banner which either depicts St. George's cross or a banner that art of the period often depicts Christ carrying. In the orb on the top of this banner can be seen a tiny map of Britain.
All three saints presenting Richard (kneeling), to the Virgin and child are believed to be special to the king, as each has their own chapel in Westminster. Edmund (Left) can be seen holding the arrow which killed him, while Edward (centre) is holding the ring he unknowingly gave to a pilgrim who transpired to be John the Evangelist disguised. John the Baptist (right) holds the Lamb of God.
While both Edward the Confessor and St. Edmund are patron saints of the British monarchy, Edmund was particularly important to Richard, he himself being a king of England in pre-Norman times.
The painting is indicative of both Richard's belief in his divine right to rule and his genuine devotion to Christianity.
Tempera on wood; each section 47.5 x 29.2, 18x11 1/2 in.
See also
