16th Century (1500-1599)

• 1500: In the Burji Mamluks empire, Zahir Kanauh overthrown by Ashraf Gan Balat.

• 1501: Ismail I establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia, and the Twelve-Imam Shi'ism becomes the state religion.

• 1507: The Portuguese under Alfonso d'Albuquerque establish strongholds in the Persian Gulf.

• 1508: End of the Turkoman's White Sheep dynasty and the annexation of their territories by the Safavids.

• 1511: D'Albuquerque conquers Malacca from the Muslims.

• 1517: The Ottoman Sultan Selim I ("the Grim") defeats the Mamluks and conquers Egypt.

• 1520: The reign of Suleiman the Magnificent begins.

• 1526: Louis of Hungary dies at the Battle of Mohács. The Battle of Panipat in India, and the Moghul conquest; Babur makes his capital at Delhi and Agra.

• 1528: The Ottomans take Buda in Hungary.

• 1529: Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna.

• 1550: The architect Sinan builds the Suleiman Mosque in Istanbul. The rise of the Muslim kingdom of Aceh in Sumatra. Islam spreads to Java, the Maluku Islands, and Borneo.

• 1556: The death of Suleiman the Magnificent.

• 1568: Alpujarra uprising of the Moriscos (Muslims forcibly converted to Catholicism) in Spain.

• 1571: The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto, and their dominance in the Mediterranean is brought to a close.

• 1578: The Battle of Alcazarquivir at Alcazarquivir in Morocco. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed.

• 1588: Reign of Abbas I of Safavid begins.

• 1591: Mustaali Ismailis split into Sulaymanis and Daudis .

See also

• Timeline of Islamic history