A travois (from the French travail, a frame for restraining horses) is a frame used by prehistoric humans, notably the Plains Indians of North America, to drag loads over land. Sometimes dragged by hand, sometimes fitted with a shoulder harness for more efficient dragging, and sometimes dragged by dogs or horses (althought they did not exist in North America before Christopher Columbus), the basic construction consists of two long poles lashed in the shape of an elongated isoceles triangle; the frame was dragged with the sharply pointed end forward. Sometimes the blunt end of the frame was stabilized by a third pole bound across the two main poles.

A travois could either be loaded by piling goods atop the bare frame and lashing them in place, or by first stretching cloth or leather over the frame to hold the load to be dragged.

Although considered more primitive than wheel-based forms of transport, on the type of territory where the travois was used, e.g. forest floors, soft soil, etc. rather than roadways, wheels would encounter difficulties which make them a less attractive option.