Ypres (French, generally used in English1; Ieper official name in the local Dutch/Flemish) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres and the towns of Boezinge , Dikkebus , Elverdinge , Vlamertinge , Voormezele , Zillebeke and Zuidschote . On January 1st, 2004 Ypres had a total population of 35,021 (17,144 males and 17,877 females). The total area is 130.61 km² which gives a population density of 268.13 inhabitants per km².
During the Middle Ages , Ypres was a prosperous town, renowned for it's linnen trade with England, it had a cathedral and fortifications, a population of about 80000. In the old days , cats , then the sign of the devil and witchcraft , were thrown off the cloth halls , to get rid of evil demons.. These days, the Cat Parade, is what is left over.. once every 3 years the Cat Parade goes through town , depicting the history of the cat ... and again , cat's are thrown off the Cloth Halls tower... stuffed toy cats... not live ones.
The area around Ypres was site of three major battles in World War I. In the First Battle of Ypres (October 31 to November 22, 1914) the British captured the town from the Germans. In the Second Battle of Ypres (April 22 to May 25, 1915) the Germans used poison gas for the first time on the Western Front (they had used it for the first time at the Battle of Bolimow on January 1, 1915) and captured high ground east of the town. In the Third Battle of Ypres (July 21 to November 6, 1916; also known as the Battle of Passchendaele) the British, Canadians and ANZAC forces recaptured the ridge at a terrible cost of lives.
English-speaking soldiers in that war often referred to Ypres by the (perhaps humorous) mispronunciation "Wipers".
Because of the fighting the town was all but obliterated with much shelling from the Germans. After the war the town was rebuilt with the main square, including the noted Cloth Hall and town hall being rebuilt as much like the original as possible. The rest of the town is more modern in appearance.
The Menin Gate Memorial in Ypres is dedicated to the fallen soldiers of the war who have no known grave. The Cloth Hall is today a museum dedicated to Ypres' role in the First World War. The landscape is littered with wargraves, both from Axis and from Allies. Also described in the famous poem by John Mcrae , "In Flanders fields, where the poppies grow"
Ypres these days has the title , city of peace, and has a close friendship with that other town where war has had a big impact, Hiroshima. It's a rather gruesome link, Ypres was the first place for chemical warfare, Hiroshima the first for Nuclear warfare, both towns witnessed mankind at it's worst.
Every evening since 1928 the Last Post has been sounded beneath the imposing arches of the Menin Gate Memorial. This tribute is played in honour of the memory of the soldiers of the British Empire who fought and died in the immortal Ypres Salient during the First World War. Only during the period of German occupation during the Second World War. Even then, the ceremony was resumed on the very evening of the liberation - 6 September 1944 - and this notwithstanding the heavy fighting that was still taking place in other parts of the town.
External links
Footnote
- The Flemish language was restricted by the French-speaking Belgian ruling class at the time of the First World War so that as a result the French name was used by British soldiers fighting there — they however, pronounced it "Wipers", probably as a result of poor education in pronunciation of the French language rather than any deliberate humour.
There was little humour involved for the flemish footsoldiers, who did not speak french, but were sent on the battle field by French speaking officers, who balked the orders in french, and then simply said "Pour les Flamants , la meme chose" , "same thing for the flemish".
After the war this was key factor to the flemish rights movement
Last updated: 10-10-2005 01:06:40
